FREE ESSAY ON THE HUMAN AND THE DIVINE

THE HUMAN AND THE DIVINE

1) Introduction
Through out history, as man progressed from a primitive animal to a 
human being capable of thought and reason, mankind has had to throw 
questions about the meaning of our own existence to ourselves. Out of those 
trail of thoughts appeared religion, art, and philosophy, the fundamental 
process of questioning about existence. Who we are, how we came to be, 
where we are going, what the most ideal state is....... All these questions had 
to be asked and if not given a definite answer, then at least given some idea 
as to how to begin to search for, as humans probed deeper and deeper into 
the riddle that we were all born into. 
As time passed, the works of many thinkers and artists added up and it 
became inevitable for the people who wanted to find some answers to the 
ancient question, the question of existence, to trace back to the times of 
the older thinkers to get an idea as to what we have been thinking about as 
an important source for reaching the goal. Also, for the people who want to 
study the ways of the people back in history, it is equally important to make 
a study of the thinkers and artists of that time in order to define the 
characteristics and personality of that age. So, as the goal of this report is 
to find out what the people of ancient western world thought in view of the 
concept and relationship between the human and the divine, it is inevitable 
for us to also look into the thoughts and arts of that time.
2) Cicero and Virgil
In the works of Cicero, we see him asking questions about social 
responsibility, about what it is that gives value to a human life. Cicero 
conveys to us his belief that it is most natural for a person to show the 
most defined characteristics such as magnanimity, and loftiness of the soul, 
and courtesy, etc. , and that because of this, it is only true for a person to 
take on the responsibilities of this world with this kind of attitude in tact. 
He tells us why we must not live only for our own advantage; because it is 
against our nature as humans to do so, because without the basis of this 
human characteristics, the whole human society would fall apart. The qualities 
we value most in our fellow human beings are the most natural to us because 
they were endowed to us from the gods so that the race of human beings 
and the human society could go on existing. We can know this from his words; 
People who argue like this subvert the whole basis of humans community 
itself - and when that is gone, kind actions, generosity, goodness, and justice 
are annihilated. And their annihilation is a sin against the immortal gods. For 
it was they who established the society which such men are undermining. 
Cicero's belief in the natural goodness of the human race was stead-fast 
because he believed that it was endowed to us from the gods.
In Virgil's Pollio, which christians believed to have prophesied the birth of 
Christ, we can see what he thought of the conditions of the human race of 
his time and also of what he thought the coming of god will do for the good 
of his people. Virgil percieved the humans race as being in the Iron Age (In 
Ovid's Metamorphoses, we see the concept of humans becoming more and 
more dirtied as they moved though time from the Golden, Silver Ages, to the 
 Bronze, Iron Ages), the age of corruption which the coming of Pollio will 
disinfect for us. He writes, Time has concieved and the great sequences of 
the Ages starts afresh. ...... With him, the Iron Age shall end and the golden 
Man inherit all the world. ..... And it is in your consulship, yours, Pollio, that 
this glorious Age will dawn and the Procession of the of the great months 
begin. Under your leadership all traces that remain in our iniquity will be 
effaced and, as they vanish, free the world from its long night of horror. 
Through this, we can know that Virgil believed in the power of Pollio to 
restore and to guide the human race to its rightious state.
In both Cicero and Virgil, it is obvious that they thought the highest 
qualities of humans to be our most natural state because it was endowed by 
the gods to be so, and that if there was corruption in the human world, the 
divine powers would restore them because it is the will of the gods to form 
and maintain the human race and society. Their belief in the human race came 
from their faith in god.
3) Egyptian and Greek Art
When we look at Egyptian paintings, we see that the drawings do not quite 
describe objects as they actually are. When a man is drawn, his face is 
turned sideways but his shoulders and body are facing the front while the 
foot is turned sideways. This strange way of drawing is called the A??e??AC 
????( I'm sorry, I don't know what that is in English). What the Egyptians 
were trying to achieve through the use of this method was to present the 
parts of the object which most clearly shows its characteristics. For 
instance, the characteristics of a man's face is most distinctly shown when it 
is turned sideways, and the body's when it is turned towards the front, and 
so forth. The Egyptians don't seem to have been interested in drawing 
objects as they actually were. When they drew, they analized the visual 
information of the object so that they could present its most distinct 
characteristics in the form of visual generalization. For them, the important 
thing was to catch the essence of the object. In this sense, it can be said 
that for them, art was a form of abstract vision.
On the other hand, the Greek arts had a very different personality. Their 
starting point was to realize actual beauty in art. That was why they 
searched out the golden proportion, in order to achieve the most beautiful 
in art. They weren't just trying to describe how things looked like; they were 
trying to present gods' greatness that went far beyond the limits of 
humanity. In other words, while their art was earthly, it was only so because 
they were trying to realize the best in the earthly things so that they could 
be more close to the intentions of the divine powers. 
4) Christian Thoughts; The Hymn to Charity, and The Good Samaritan
The Hymn to Charity stresses on the importance of love. It tells us the 
personality of love and why it is so important that we all cherish this in our 
ways of living. Love is what brings out the most superior characteristics of 
human beings because it is what brings us closer to the design of the Divine 
One. The intentions of God is always good and honorable. If we bring 
ourselves to follow that intention, then it is inevitable for us to act out the 
spirit of love always. 
The Good Samaritan stresses on social responsibility and the need of 
love, justice and magnanimity for the social responsibility to be realized. When 
God made humans and the human society, it was not in his purpose to let it 
go corrupt as it did. His intention was the realization of the Good and the 
Truth. If the humans are to follow him, then we must make the best human 
characteristics come out and let it aid us in making society as it was willed 
to be. The good in us was put there by God to realize what He thought to 
be ideal and therefore, it is out duty to use that goodness in us in order to 
follow his ideal.
These two examples taken from the Bible show us clearly what the early 
christians thought as the relationship between the human and the divine. 
5) Conclusion
As we have seen from the examples of Roman thinkers, Egyptian and Greek 
art, and early christian thoughts, the early western thoughts and arts, which 
became the founding steps of the western world, had its own particular way 
of seeing the connection between the Divine and the Human. For them, the 
qualities we most value in a human being was put in us by the divine powers 
so that humans could live in accordance with God's original design. Therefore, 
the good in us are perfectly natural and it is only right that we have it 
within us. And also therefore, it is our duty to act out our goodness in the 
form of love so that we can live in harmony with God's will.
6) References
Bibliography
1. A?A??C, 'IC? ?A????AI1, ?o??, 1994
2, Anthony, Classical and Biblical Backgrounds to Western Literature, Sogang 
University Press, 1996